Tag: Repentance

Addressing Woke Theology

Rev. Dr. Cecil W Thorn, ThD

Introduction

As the cultural landscape continues to shift, the church faces growing challenges in navigating the differences between traditional church theology and the emerging influence of Woke theology. Traditional church theology is rooted in the belief that Scripture is the ultimate authority, focusing on the gospel’s power to transform lives and the call for personal salvation through Jesus Christ. It emphasizes biblical truths such as the nature of God, the sinfulness of humanity, and salvation by grace alone. Woke theology, on the other hand, often incorporates contemporary social justice movements, focusing on systemic issues such as racial inequality, oppression, and societal reform. It seeks to address perceived injustices and promote collective repentance for societal sins, which may sometimes challenge traditional biblical interpretations.

In addressing these differences, it’s essential for the church to remain grounded in biblical truth while engaging thoughtfully with cultural issues. The goal is not to oppose or alienate those who are influenced by Woke theology, but to lovingly guide them back to the teachings of Scripture. This requires balancing compassion and clarity, upholding biblical principles on justice, love, and human dignity, while also ensuring that the gospel remains central. By affirming the authority of Scripture, emphasizing personal transformation, and modeling true biblical justice, the church can engage with the world’s pressing issues without compromising the integrity of the faith.

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Table of Contents

The differences between traditional church theology and woke church theology

How can a traditional church address and respond to Woke theology?

Christian traditional biblical truths

Woke biblical truths

My Thoughts

The differences between traditional church theology and woke church theology

The differences between traditional church theology and woke church theology often center on their approaches to social justice, cultural engagement, and biblical interpretation. Traditional church theology prioritizes a focus on the gospel’s spiritual dimension, emphasizing humanity’s need for salvation through Jesus Christ and grounding its worldview in the authority and timelessness of Scripture. It often views social issues as secondary, with solutions rooted in individual transformation through Christ. In contrast, woke church theology seeks to address systemic injustices as central to the church’s mission, often integrating contemporary social theories into its understanding of oppression and justice. This perspective tends to emphasize collective repentance for societal sins like racism or inequality, sometimes challenging traditional interpretations of Scripture to align with modern cultural concerns. While both perspectives aim to reflect Christ’s teachings, they diverge on the balance between spiritual renewal and societal reform, leading to differing priorities in ministry and practice.

Traditional Church Theology

Focus:

  • Core Beliefs: Emphasizes historical, biblical doctrines such as salvation through faith in Jesus Christ (Ephesians 2:8-9 (ESV)) and the inerrancy of Scripture (2 Timothy 3:16-17 (ESV)).
  • Mission: Primarily about preaching the gospel, discipleship, and eternal salvation (Matthew 28:19-20 (ESV)).
  • Ethics: Derived from timeless biblical principles, often avoiding alignment with contemporary cultural or political ideologies.

Key Scriptures:

  1. Ephesians 2:8-9 (ESV) “For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast.”
  2. 2 Timothy 3:16-17 (ESV) “All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.”
  3. Matthew 28:19-20 (ESV) “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”

Woke Church Theology

Focus:

  • Core Beliefs: Emphasizes addressing systemic injustices (e.g., racism, poverty, and oppression) as integral to the gospel message (Isaiah 1:17 (ESV)).
  • Mission: Combines traditional evangelism with activism and societal reform (Micah 6:8 (ESV)).
  • Ethics: Advocates for cultural awareness and contextualization, often interpreting Scripture in light of modern issues.

Key Scriptures:

  1. Isaiah 1:17 (ESV) “Learn to do good; seek justice, correct oppression; bring justice to the fatherless, plead the widow’s cause.”
  2. Micah 6:8 (ESV) “He has told you, O man, what is good; and what does the Lord require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?”
  3. Luke 4:18-19 (ESV) “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.”

Key Differences

  1. Emphasis on Justice:
    • Traditional theology often sees justice as an outcome of transformed lives through the gospel.
    • Woke theology places justice as a central component of the gospel message itself.
  2. View of Sin:
    • Traditional theology emphasizes personal sin and the need for individual repentance (Romans 3:23-24 (ESV)).
    • Woke theology often expands sin to include systemic and institutional dimensions (James 5:1-4 (ESV)).
  3. Cultural Engagement:
    • Traditional theology may view the church as countercultural and focus on spiritual over worldly matters (Romans 12:2 (ESV)).
    • Woke theology embraces cultural issues, aiming to reform societal systems as part of its mission.
  4. Scriptural Interpretation:
    • Traditional theology holds to a more literal, historical-grammatical interpretation.
    • Woke theology may employ more contextual or allegorical methods, emphasizing modern relevance.

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How can a traditional church address and respond to Woke theology?

Balancing Perspectives

While these theologies may differ, a biblical approach can acknowledge the importance of both personal salvation and societal justice, without compromising the gospel’s integrity. Jesus addressed individual hearts (John 3:16 (ESV)) while also challenging societal norms (Matthew 23:23 (ESV)).

Addressing and responding to woke theology as a traditional church involves a balanced approach of biblical faithfulness, love, and clarity. Rather than framing it as a battle against people, the focus should be on addressing theological errors, affirming biblical truth, and engaging with grace and understanding. Here’s how a traditional church can respond effectively:

1. Reaffirm Core Biblical Truths

Ground the church in sound doctrine, emphasizing timeless biblical truths that transcend cultural trends.

  • Authority of Scripture: Emphasize the Bible as the ultimate source of truth.
    Scripture:
    • 2 Timothy 3:16-17 (ESV) “All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness.”
    • Isaiah 40:8 (ESV) “The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God will stand forever.”
  • Christ-Centered Gospel: Reiterate that salvation is by grace through faith in Jesus, not works or societal reform.
    Scripture:
    • Ephesians 2:8-9 (ESV) “For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast.”

2. Address Theological Errors

Lovingly confront the areas where woke theology deviates from biblical teaching.

  • Definition of Sin: Clarify that while systemic issues may exist, sin is ultimately a personal condition of the human heart (Romans 3:23 (ESV)).
  • Role of the Church: Highlight that the church’s primary mission is to preach the gospel and make disciples, though good works and justice are natural outcomes of faith.
    Scripture:
    • Matthew 28:19-20 (ESV) “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you.”
    • Mark 8:36 (ESV) “For what does it profit a man to gain the whole world and forfeit his soul?”

3. Equip the Church with Discernment

Teach members how to critically evaluate cultural and theological ideas through a biblical lens.

  • Bible Study: Offer regular teaching on biblical doctrine, emphasizing how Scripture applies to contemporary issues.
  • Cultural Discernment: Help believers recognize when social justice movements align with or diverge from Scripture.
    Example: Caring for the poor aligns with Scripture (Proverbs 31:8-9 (ESV)), but redefining biblical morality does not (Isaiah 5:20 (ESV)).

4. Model Biblical Justice

Rather than rejecting all aspects of woke theology, demonstrate how true biblical justice looks. This will show that the church cares about justice while remaining faithful to the gospel.

  • Justice with Truth: Advocate for justice based on God’s standards, not cultural ideologies.
    Scripture:
    • Micah 6:8 (ESV) “He has told you, O man, what is good; and what does the Lord require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?”
    • Amos 5:24 (ESV) “But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.”
  • Compassionate Ministry: Serve the poor, oppressed, and marginalized in practical ways that reflect Christ’s love without compromising biblical truth.

5. Promote Unity, Not Division

Avoid framing the conversation as “us vs. them.” Instead, seek to win hearts and minds with grace and truth.

  • Speak the Truth in Love: Address errors with compassion, avoiding arrogance or hostility.
    Scripture:
    • Ephesians 4:15 (ESV) “Rather, speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, into Christ.”
  • Avoid Strawman Arguments: Engage with the actual ideas of woke theology instead of misrepresenting them.

6. Teach a Robust Theology of the Kingdom

Help believers understand the broader biblical vision of God’s kingdom, which encompasses both personal salvation and social restoration.

  • God’s Sovereignty: Emphasize that ultimate justice and restoration will come through Christ’s return, not human efforts alone.
    Scripture:
    • Revelation 21:1-5 (ESV) “Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth… He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more.”
  • Faith and Works Together: Teach that good works flow out of faith, not as a means of salvation but as evidence of it.
    Scripture:
    • James 2:26 (ESV) “For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, so also faith apart from works is dead.”

7. Engage in Healthy Dialogue

Rather than isolating or alienating those influenced by woke theology, engage in respectful conversations to understand their concerns and point them to biblical truth.

  • Find Common Ground: Agree on the importance of justice, mercy, and humility, while highlighting the need to root these in Scripture.
  • Ask Questions: Gently challenge assumptions by asking how their views align with biblical teaching.

8. Pray for Revival

No theological debate can replace the work of the Holy Spirit. Pray for hearts to be softened and for the church to stay rooted in truth.
Scripture:

  • 2 Chronicles 7:14 (ESV) “If my people who are called by my name humble themselves, and pray and seek my face and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven and will forgive their sin and heal their land.”

Conclusion: A Gospel-Centered Response

The traditional church combats woke theology not by rejecting justice but by rooting it in the gospel. By emphasizing the authority of Scripture, the centrality of Christ, and the transforming power of the gospel, the church can address societal issues without compromising biblical truth. A church that remains faithful to God’s Word while engaging compassionately with the world will stand as a beacon of hope, proclaiming the gospel’s power to change hearts and heal nations.

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Christian traditional biblical truths

1. The Authority and Infallibility of Scripture

The Bible is God’s inspired and inerrant Word, authoritative for faith, doctrine, and practice.

  • 2 Timothy 3:16-17 (ESV) “All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness.”
  • Psalm 119:160 (ESV) “The sum of your word is truth, and every one of your righteous rules endures forever.”

2. The Nature of God

God is eternal, sovereign, and unchanging, existing as one God in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

  • Deuteronomy 6:4 (ESV) “Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.”
  • Matthew 28:19 (ESV) “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”
  • Malachi 3:6 (ESV) “For I the Lord do not change; therefore you, O children of Jacob, are not consumed.”

3. Creation and Sovereignty

God created the world and sustains it by His power. Everything exists for His glory and purposes.

  • Genesis 1:1 (ESV) “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.”
  • Colossians 1:16-17 (ESV) “For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth… and in him all things hold together.”

4. The Sinfulness of Humanity

All people are born sinners, separated from God, and unable to save themselves apart from divine grace.

  • Romans 3:23 (ESV) “For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.”
  • Psalm 51:5 (ESV) “Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me.”

5. Salvation by Grace Through Faith

Salvation is God’s gift, received through faith in Jesus Christ alone, not by works.

  • Ephesians 2:8-9 (ESV) “For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast.”
  • John 14:6 (ESV) “Jesus said to him, ‘I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.'”

6. The Person and Work of Jesus Christ

Jesus Christ is fully God and fully man, who lived a sinless life, died for humanity’s sins, and rose again, securing eternal life for believers.

  • Philippians 2:6-8 (ESV) “Who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped… He humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.”
  • 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 (ESV) “For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day.”

7. The Role of the Holy Spirit

The Holy Spirit convicts, regenerates, indwells, sanctifies, and empowers believers for godly living and ministry.

  • John 16:13 (ESV) “When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth.”
  • Galatians 5:22-23 (ESV) “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control.”

8. The Church

The church is the body of Christ, called to worship God, make disciples, and proclaim the gospel.

  • Ephesians 4:4-6 (ESV) “There is one body and one Spirit… one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all.”
  • Matthew 28:19-20 (ESV) “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”

9. The Return of Christ and Final Judgment

Jesus will return to judge the living and the dead, establish His kingdom, and make all things new.

  • Matthew 24:30 (ESV) “And then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.”
  • Revelation 21:1-4 (ESV) “Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth… He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more.”

10. Eternal Life and Destiny

Believers will enjoy eternal life with God in heaven, while those who reject Christ will face eternal separation in hell.

  • John 3:36 (ESV) “Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; whoever does not obey the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God remains on him.”
  • Revelation 20:15 (ESV) “And if anyone’s name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.”

Conclusion

Traditional Christian theology holds that God is sovereign, holy, and just, humanity is sinful and in need of salvation, and Christ’s work on the cross is the only means of reconciliation with God. These truths are unchanging, grounded in Scripture, and central to the Christian faith.

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Woke Biblical Truths

The term “woke” typically refers to a heightened awareness of social issues, particularly concerning race, gender, and inequality. When interpreting “woke” biblical truths, it’s important to consider a Christian perspective on justice, equality, and love while remaining grounded in Scripture. Here are several key principles from the Bible that align with social justice but may differ in interpretation from certain modern “woke” movements:

1. Equality of All People Before God

  • Scripture: Galatians 3:28 (ESV) – “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is no male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”
  • Explanation: The Bible emphasizes that all people are equal in God’s sight, regardless of race, social status, or gender. This concept speaks to a vision of inclusivity and equality, aligning with the value of human dignity.

2. Love for Neighbor

  • Scripture: Matthew 22:37-40 (ESV) – “And he said to him, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the Law and the Prophets.’”
  • Explanation: True love for others transcends all societal divisions, urging Christians to care for the marginalized and oppressed, seeking their well-being as part of the broader community.

3. Advocating for the Marginalized

  • Scripture: Isaiah 1:17 (ESV) – “Learn to do good; seek justice, correct oppression; bring justice to the fatherless, plead the widow’s cause.”
  • Explanation: The Bible commands believers to fight for justice, advocate for the oppressed, and stand against systems that exploit or harm vulnerable people, echoing calls for social justice.

4. Compassion and Mercy

  • Scripture: Micah 6:8 (ESV) – “He has told you, O man, what is good; and what does the Lord require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?”
  • Explanation: Compassion and mercy are central to the Christian walk, emphasizing a humble approach to addressing societal wrongs and showing kindness to others.

5. Standing Against Injustice

  • Scripture: Proverbs 31:8-9 (ESV) – “Open your mouth for the mute, for the rights of all who are destitute. Open your mouth, judge righteously, defend the rights of the poor and needy.”
  • Explanation: Christians are urged to use their voices to defend those who cannot speak for themselves, advocating for justice, especially for those who are poor or oppressed.

6. Peacemaking

  • Scripture: Matthew 5:9 (ESV) – “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.”
  • Explanation: True peace goes beyond a lack of conflict; it is a commitment to justice, reconciliation, and healing, which challenges systems of injustice and oppression.

7. God’s Justice for the Oppressed

  • Scripture: Psalm 82:3-4 (ESV) – “Give justice to the weak and the fatherless; maintain the right of the afflicted and the destitute. Rescue the weak and the needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked.”
  • Explanation: God’s justice is a crucial theme in Scripture, where He calls His followers to defend the oppressed and seek justice on behalf of those who are suffering.

These truths emphasize a commitment to justice, equality, and care for others, which are principles that may overlap with modern social justice movements but are framed within a biblical worldview that values both individual dignity and the care of the broader community.

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My Thoughts

As the church navigates the growing influence of Woke theology, it faces the challenge of upholding traditional biblical truths while engaging with the broader cultural conversation on social justice. Traditional church theology is grounded in the unchanging authority of Scripture, prioritizing the gospel’s power to transform individuals through salvation in Jesus Christ. This theology emphasizes the redemptive work of Christ for personal salvation, acknowledging humanity’s sinful nature and the need for grace. In contrast, Woke theology often prioritizes systemic justice and societal reform, seeking to address perceived social injustices such as racism, inequality, and oppression. While Woke theology may draw from biblical principles, it integrates modern social theories that can sometimes reinterpret or challenge traditional biblical teachings. Thus, the church faces the task of discerning how to address cultural issues without compromising the gospel’s integrity.

In responding to these theological differences, it is important for the traditional church to affirm the authority and sufficiency of Scripture while also engaging with cultural issues in a way that reflects Christ’s love and justice. The church should not view Woke theology as an adversary but rather as a point of engagement, with a commitment to guiding individuals back to the teachings of the Bible. This requires a balanced approach that emphasizes both personal transformation through the gospel and a commitment to biblical justice. By addressing the concerns raised by Woke theology through a biblical lens, the church can foster meaningful dialogue, promote reconciliation, and maintain its focus on the eternal truths of Scripture, ensuring that the gospel remains central in its mission to the world.

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Christians who seek the benefits of faith without commitment

Rev. Cecil Thorn

There are so many people in Christianity today, who want the quick fast track

They want the byproducts of a relationship with God without the relationship

They want the byproducts of salvation without salvation

They want the byproducts of repentance without repentance

They want forgiveness without repentance

They want salvation without submission

John MacArthur: Christianity Today

In his quote, John MacArthur criticizes a prevalent attitude among some Christians who seek the benefits of faith without committing to its core principles. He argues that many people desire the positive outcomes associated with a relationship with God—such as salvation, repentance, forgiveness, and ultimately salvation—without engaging in the necessary spiritual disciplines and commitments, such as a genuine relationship with God, true repentance, and submission to His will. MacArthur suggests that this approach undermines the essence of Christianity, which requires sincere dedication and transformation.

Summary

In today’s self-centered world, many prioritize personal feelings over reality. However, God represents the true reality through the saving power of Jesus Christ. He is calling you to return to your Creator and embrace this truth today.

Biblical Fasting

Rev. Cecil Thorn

In the Bible, fasting involves abstaining from food or certain types of food for a period of time as an act of devotion, repentance, or seeking guidance from God. The practice is mentioned numerous times throughout both the Old and New Testaments. Here are a few references in the English Standard Version (ESV):Matthew 6:16-18 (ESV): Jesus teaches about fasting, emphasizing the importance of doing it sincerely and not for show. Isaiah 58:6-7 (ESV): This passage discusses the kind of fast that God desires, which includes acts of justice and compassion towards others. Joel 2:12 (ESV): Joel calls for a fast accompanied by repentance and a turning back to God. Acts 13:2-3 (ESV): The church at Antioch fasts and prays before sending Paul and Barnabas on their missionary journey. Esther 4:16: Esther calls for a fast among the Jews as they face a life-threatening situation. These are just a few examples, but fasting is mentioned throughout the Bible as a means of spiritual discipline and seeking God’s guidance and intervention.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Biblical Fast 

II. Types of Fasts

III. Fasting Items

IV. Jewish Fasts

V. New Testament Fasting

I. Biblical Fast 

A biblical fast, as described in the Bible, involves abstaining from food or certain types of food for a period of time as an act of devotion, repentance, or seeking guidance from God. Here are some key scriptures and references:

1.  Matthew 6:16-18 (ESV):  Jesus teaches about fasting: “And when you fast, do not look gloomy like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces that their fasting may be seen by others. Truly, I say to you, they have received their reward. But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, that your fasting may not be seen by others but by your Father who is in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you.”

2.  Isaiah 58:6-7 (ESV):  God speaks through the prophet Isaiah about the kind of fast He desires: “Is not this the fast that I choose: to loose the bonds of wickedness, to undo the straps of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke? Is it not to share your bread with the hungry and bring the homeless poor into your house; when you see the naked, to cover him, and not to hide yourself from your own flesh?”

3.  Joel 2:12 (ESV):  Joel calls for repentance accompanied by fasting: “Yet even now,” declares the Lord, “return to me with all your heart, with fasting, with weeping, and with mourning.”

4.  Acts 13:2-3 (ESV):  The church at Antioch fasts and prays before sending Paul and Barnabas on their missionary journey: “While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, ‘Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.’ Then after fasting and praying they laid their hands on them and sent them off.”

5.  Esther 4:16 (ESV):  Esther calls for fasting among the Jews in the face of a life-threatening situation: “Go, gather all the Jews to be found in Susa, and hold a fast on my behalf, and do not eat or drink for three days, night or day. I and my young women will also fast as you do. Then I will go to the king, though it is against the law, and if I perish, I perish.”

These scriptures highlight various aspects of fasting in the Bible, including its purpose, proper attitude, and examples of fasting in practice.

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II. Types of Fasts

In the Bible, people observed fasts in various ways, often accompanied by specific actions or intentions.

1.  Abstaining from Food:  Fasts typically involved abstaining from food or specific types of food for a designated period of time.

   –  Daniel 10:2-3 (ESV):  “In those days I, Daniel, was mourning for three weeks. I ate no delicacies, no meat or wine entered my mouth, nor did I anoint myself at all, for the full three weeks.”

2.  Repentance and Mourning:  Fasts were often associated with repentance, mourning, or seeking forgiveness from God.

   –  Joel 2:12 (ESV):  “Yet even now,” declares the Lord, “return to me with all your heart, with fasting, with weeping, and with mourning.”

3.  Seeking God’s Guidance:  Fasts were also observed as a means of seeking God’s guidance, intervention, or blessing in a particular situation.

   –  Esther 4:16 (ESV):  “Go, gather all the Jews to be found in Susa, and hold a fast on my behalf, and do not eat or drink for three days, night or day. I and my young women will also fast as you do. Then I will go to the king, though it is against the law, and if I perish, I perish.”

4.  Spiritual Discipline and Worship:  Fasts were sometimes practiced as acts of spiritual discipline or worship, demonstrating devotion to God.

   –  Acts 13:2-3 (ESV):  “While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, ‘Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.’ Then after fasting and praying they laid their hands on them and sent them off.”

5.  Interceding for Others:  Fasts were also observed to intercede for others or for a collective cause.

   –  Nehemiah 1:4 (ESV):  “As soon as I heard these words I sat down and wept and mourned for days, and I continued fasting and praying before the God of heaven.”

These examples illustrate the various purposes and practices associated with fasting in the Bible, each serving as a means of seeking God’s will, mercy, and presence.

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III. Fasting Items

In biblical fasts, people often abstained from specific types of food or even all food for a period of time. The items included in a biblical fast varied depending on the circumstances, cultural practices, and personal choices. Here are some common elements:

1.  Water:  In many biblical fasts, water was allowed, as it was essential for survival and hydration during the fasting period.

2.  Bread and Grain Products:  Fasts often involved abstaining from bread and grain-based products, which were staple foods in many ancient cultures.

3.  Meat and Animal Products:  Some fasts included abstaining from meat and other animal products, such as dairy and eggs.

4.  Wine and Alcoholic Beverages:  Fasts sometimes involved abstaining from wine and other alcoholic beverages, which were common in social and religious gatherings.

5.  Delicacies and Luxuries:  Fasts might also involve abstaining from indulgent or luxurious foods, such as sweets, desserts, and rich dishes.

Ultimately, the specific items included or excluded in a biblical fast depended on the individual’s or community’s intentions, cultural practices, and religious beliefs. The key aspect was the deliberate abstention from certain types of food as an act of devotion, repentance, or seeking God’s guidance.

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IV. Jewish Fasts

In Judaism, there are several types of fasts observed for different purposes, including communal and individual fasts. Here are some of the main types of Jewish fasts:

1.  Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) Fast:  Yom Kippur is the holiest day in Judaism, and it is observed with a 25-hour fast from sunset to nightfall the following day. It is a complete fast, meaning no food or drink is consumed, and it is a time for repentance, prayer, and atonement.

2.  Tisha B’Av Fast:  Tisha B’Av is a day of mourning commemorating various tragedies in Jewish history, including the destruction of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem. It is observed with a fast from sunset to nightfall the following day, similar to Yom Kippur.

3.  Fast of Esther:  This fast is observed on the day before Purim, commemorating Esther’s fasting before approaching the Persian king to plead for the salvation of the Jewish people. It is a dawn-to-dusk fast, typically lasting from sunrise to sunset.

4.  Fast of Gedaliah:  This fast commemorates the assassination of Gedaliah, the governor of Judah appointed by the Babylonians after the destruction of the First Temple. It is observed on the third day of Tishrei, the day after Rosh Hashanah, and it is a dawn-to-dusk fast.

5.  Tzom Gedaliah:  This fast is observed on the day after Rosh Hashanah, commemorating the assassination of Gedaliah. It is also a dawn-to-dusk fast.

6.  Tenth of Tevet Fast:  This fast commemorates the siege of Jerusalem by the Babylonians, which ultimately led to the destruction of the First Temple. It is observed on the 10th day of the Hebrew month of Tevet and is a dawn-to-dusk fast.

These are some of the main types of Jewish fasts, each observed for different historical events or religious purposes.

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V. New Testament, Fasting

In the New Testament, fasting is mentioned as a spiritual practice, primarily associated with seeking God’s guidance, expressing repentance, and deepening one’s relationship with God. While specific guidelines for fasting are not extensively detailed in the New Testament, there are principles and examples that provide insight into what a New Testament fast might look like:

1.  Fasting for Spiritual Clarity:  In Matthew 4:1-11(ESV), Jesus fasts for 40 days and nights in the wilderness before beginning his public ministry. This fasting period is characterized by prayer, meditation, and spiritual preparation.

2.  Fasting for Prayer and Discernment:  Acts 13:2-3 (ESV) records a time when leaders in the early Christian church fasted and prayed before making important decisions: “While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, ‘Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.’ Then after fasting and praying they laid their hands on them and sent them off.”

3.  Fasting for Repentance:  In the story of the prodigal son in Luke 15:11-32, the son returns to his father in repentance, saying, “I will arise and go to my father, and I will say to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Treat me as one of your hired servants.'” While not explicitly mentioned, fasting could be a part of the son’s act of repentance.

4.  Fasting as a Spiritual Discipline:  In Matthew 6:16-18 (ESV), Jesus teaches about fasting as a private spiritual discipline: “And when you fast, do not look gloomy like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces that their fasting may be seen by others. Truly, I say to you, they have received their reward. But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, that your fasting may not be seen by others but by your Father who is in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you.”

5.  Fasting with Humility:  In Luke 18:9-14 (ESV), Jesus tells the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector, highlighting the importance of humility in fasting and prayer.

These examples illustrate that New Testament fasting involves not only abstaining from food but also engaging in prayer, seeking spiritual clarity, repentance, and humility before God. It is a deeply personal and spiritual practice aimed at drawing closer to God and aligning one’s heart with His will.

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What is expected of Christian’s under the New Covenant?

Rev. Cecil Thorn

Under the New Covenant of Jesus Christ, Christians are expected to follow the teachings of Jesus and live according to His commandments. Here are some key aspects of what is expected of Christians:

  1. Faith in Jesus Christ: Christians are called to believe in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and Savior.
  • John 3:16 (ESV): “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.”

1. Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins: Christians are called to repent of their sins and seek forgiveness through Jesus Christ.

  • Acts 2:38 (ESV): “And Peter said to them, ‘Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.'”

2. Love for God and Others: Christians are called to love God with all their heart, soul, and mind, and to love their neighbors as themselves.

  • Matthew 22:37-39 (ESV): “And he said to him, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself.'”

3. Living a Holy Life: Christians are called to live holy lives, set apart for God’s purposes, and to pursue righteousness.

  • 1 Peter 1:15-16 (ESV): “But as he who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct, since it is written, ‘You shall be holy, for I am holy.'”

4. Following Jesus’s Teachings: Christians are expected to follow the teachings of Jesus, including His moral teachings and commandments.

5. Spreading the Gospel: Christians are called to share the good news of Jesus Christ and make disciples of all nations.

  • Matthew 28:19-20 (ESV): “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”

These are foundational expectations for Christians under the New Covenant, as outlined in the teachings of Jesus and the apostles in the New Testament of the Bible.

Jesus summarized His commandments and teachings in several key passages in the New Testament. Here are some of the most prominent ones:

  1. The Great Commandment – Love God and Love Your Neighbor:
  • Matthew 22:37-40 (ESV): “And he said to him, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the Law and the Prophets.'”
  1. The Golden Rule – Treat Others as You Want to Be Treated:
  • Matthew 7:12 (ESV): “So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets.”
  1. The Sermon on the Mount – A comprehensive teaching on various aspects of Christian living, including humility, forgiveness, prayer, and righteousness:
  • Matthew 5-7 (ESV): This entire section contains many of Jesus’s teachings, including the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12 (ESV)), instructions on prayer (Matthew 6:5-15 (ESV)), and ethical teachings on various topics.
  1. The New Commandment – Love One Another:
  • John 13:34-35 (ESV): “A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another: just as I have loved you, you also are to love one another. By this all people will know that you are my disciples if you have love for one another.”
  1. The Great Commission – Make Disciples of All Nations:
  • Matthew 28:19-20 (ESV): “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”
  1. The Parable of the Good Samaritan – Show Mercy and Compassion:
  • Luke 10:25-37 (ESV): This parable illustrates the importance of showing mercy and compassion to others, regardless of their background or circumstances.

These teachings encapsulate the essence of Jesus’s message and the principles He wanted His followers to live by. They emphasize love, compassion, humility, and obedience to God’s will.

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Copyright Notice © 2024 Rev. Cecil Thorn Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this work authored by Rev. Cecil Thorn, to distribute, display, and reproduce the work, in its entirety, including verbatim copies, provided that no fee is charged for the copies or distribution. This permission is granted for non-commercial distribution only.

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